Persepsi kita sering tidak cermat. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah asumsi atu pengharapan kita. Kita mempersepsikan sesuatu berdasarkan pengharapan kita. Kegagalan persepsi itu bisa di karenakan oleh prasangka.
Dalam keseharian hidup manusia mempunyai klan atau kelompok yang berbeda – beda dan suku yang berbeda – beda.
Semisal di kantor saya yang mempunyai latar belakang yang berbeda – beda ada cina, jawa , sunda , ambon padang dan lain sebagainya. Orang ambon misal di karenakan mereka berwajah angker dan berkulit gelap terkadang menimbulkan prasangka bahwa mereka jahat dan mesti di jauhi. Hal seperti ini sering terjadi dalam keseharian kita. contoh lain:
Setiap kita pasti mahfum bahwa orang padang adalah orang yang pandai dagang dan pasti kalau membicarakan bisnis tentang dagang memang jagonya, tetapi lain lagi dengan teman saya dia orang padang tetapi lebih memilih bekerja karena dia tidak mempunyai jiwa dagang , setelah saya tanya kenapa sih ko kamu memilih bekerja tidak berdangang dan jawabanya bahwa dia tidak mempunyai jiwa dangan dan lebih enjoy kalau bekerja.
Dari contoh itu bisa di ambil analisa bahwa prasangka saya bahwa orang padang itu pandai dagang akhirnya menimbulkan persepsi bahwa setiap orang padang pasti pandai dagang.
Istilah prasangka berasal dari kata latin praejudicium, yang berarti preseden atau suatu penilaian berdasarkan keputusan dan pengalaman terdahulu. Richard E Brislin mendefinisikan prasangka sebagai suatu sikap tidak adil, menyimpang atau tidak toleran terhadap sekelompok orang. Walaupun prasangka bisa positif ataupun negatif tetapi pada umumnya menjadi negatif.
Tentunya prasangka ini berpengaruh terhadap komunikasi apa pengaruhnya terhadap komunikasi kalau begitu? Bila kita berprasangka misal orang berkulit hitam malas, orang jepang militeristik, orang cina mata duitan, wanita lebih bodoh daripada laki -laki, tanpa di dukung dengan data dan fakta yang akurat, maka komunikasi kita tidak akan lancar atau bisa macet dan akan berlanjut ke persepsi kita yang keliru, yang selanjutnya orang lain pun akan mempersepsikan kita begitu juga atau keliru.
Cara terbaik untuk mengurangi prasangka adalah dengan meningkatkan kontak dengan mereka dan mengenal mereka lebih baik, meskipun tidak selalu baik dan berhasil dalam segala situasi yang ada. Semisal di kantor saya yang berasal dari berbagai ras mengembangkan hubungan baik salimg memahami dan menjadikan rekan kerja walaupun ras masing – masing berbeda sehingga bisa mengurangi atau bahkan menghilangkan prasangka yang tidak tepat.
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