Batik (atau kata Batik) berasal dari bahasa Jawa “amba” yang berarti menulis dan “nitik”. Kata batik sendiri meruju pada teknik pembuatan corak – menggunakan canting atau cap – dan pencelupan kain dengan menggunakan bahan perintang warna corak “malam” (wax) yang diaplikasikan di atas kain, sehingga menahan masuknya bahan pewarna. Dalam bahasa Inggris teknik ini dikenal dengan istilah wax-resist dyeing. Jadi kain batik adalah kain yang memiliki ragam hias atau corak yang dibuat dengan canting dan cap dengan menggunakan malam sebagai bahan perintang warna. Teknik ini hanya bisa diterapkan di atas bahan yang terbuat dari serat alami seperti katun, sutra, wol dan tidak bisa diterapkan di atas kain dengan serat buatan (polyester). Kain yang pembuatan corak dan pewarnaannya tidak menggunakan teknik ini dikenal dengan kain bercorak batik – biasanya dibuat dalam skala industri dengan teknik cetak (print) – bukan kain batik.
Batik adalah kerajinan yang memiliki nilai seni tinggi dan telah menjadi bagian dari budaya Indonesia (khususnya Jawa) sejak lama. Perempuan-perempuan Jawa di masa lampau menjadikan keterampilan mereka dalam membatik sebagai mata pencaharian, sehingga di masa lalu pekerjaan membatik adalah pekerjaan eksklusif perempuan sampai ditemukannya “Batik Cap” yang memungkinkan masuknya laki-laki ke dalam bidang ini. Ada beberapa pengecualian bagi fenomena ini, yaitu batik pesisir yang memiliki garis maskulin seperti yang bisa dilihat pada corak “Mega Mendung”, dimana di beberapa daerah pesisir pekerjaan membatik adalah lazim bagi kaum lelaki.
Ragam corak dan warna Batik dipengaruhi oleh berbagai pengaruh asing. Awalnya, batik memiliki ragam corak dan warna yang terbatas, dan beberapa corak hanya boleh dipakai oleh kalangan tertentu. Namun batik pesisir menyerap berbagai pengaruh luar, seperti para pedagang asing dan juga pada akhirnya, para penjajah. Warna-warna cerah seperti merah dipopulerkan oleh Tionghoa, yang juga mempopulerkan corak phoenix. Bangsa penjajah Eropa juga mengambil minat kepada batik, dan hasilnya adalah corak bebungaan yang sebelumnya tidak dikenal (seperti bunga tulip) dan juga benda-benda yang dibawa oleh penjajah (gedung atau kereta kuda), termasuk juga warna-warna kesukaan mereka seperti warna biru. Batik tradisonal tetap mempertahankan coraknya, dan masih dipakai dalam upacara-upacara adat, karena biasanya masing-masing corak memiliki perlambangan masing-masing.
Teknik membatik telah dikenal sejak ribuan tahun yang silam. Tidak ada keterangan sejarah yang cukup jelas tentang asal usul batik. Ada yang menduga teknik ini berasal dari bangsa Sumeria, kemudian dikembangkan di Jawa setelah dibawa oleh para pedagang India. Saat ini batik bisa ditemukan di banyak negara seperti Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, India, Sri Lanka, dan Iran. Selain di Asia, batik juga sangat populer di beberapa negara di benua Afrika. Walaupun demikian, batik yang sangat terkenal di dunia adalah batik yang berasal dari Indonesia, terutama dari Jawa.
Tradisi membatik pada mulanya merupakan tradisi yang turun temurun, sehingga kadang kala suatu motif dapat dikenali berasal dari batik keluarga tertentu. Beberapa motif batik dapat menunjukkan status seseorang. Bahkan sampai saat ini, beberapa motif batik tadisional hanya dipakai oleh keluarga keraton Yogyakarta dan Surakarta.
Batik merupakan warisan nenek moyang Indonesia ( Jawa ) yang sampai saat ini masih ada. Batik juga pertama kali diperkenalkan kepada dunia oleh Presiden Soeharto, yang pada waktu itu memakai batik pada Konferensi PBB.
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